Does your dog sometimes snap at someone? Or do you take your beloved pet to the park and she lashes out to other dogs? Frustrating, I know. 

Everybody and their grandma has an opinion about aggressive dogs, but it can be hard to find the right advice that works for your dog. But don’t worry, you’re not alone! Aggression is a huge problem that affects up to 72% of dogs. 

So how can you cure an aggressive dog? Let’s start with debunking some common myths.

Myth #1. Aggressive dogs are dominant 

Image by Lois Van Aalst

Wrongly interpreting unwanted dog behaviours (e.g., barking or growling) as dominance may in fact lead to aggressive behaviours.

This is because many aggressive problems, even those that seem to relate to resource guarding, are in fact caused by underlying fear or anxiety. Punishing (or ‘correcting’) the dogs for such behaviours can then make the problem worse because it increases the underlying fear or anxiety. So, will a shock collar help your aggressive dog? The answer is: definitely not. 

Myth #2. A trained dog doesn’t bite. 

No, aggression is not an obedience problem. Or at least, training is no guarantee that a dog won’t bite. Training is often promoted as a strategy to reduce dog bites, but one study showed that in 66% of cases where a dog had bitten a child, the dog had previously attended obedience classes. 

But the story is a little more nuanced. This is science, so there are never any black and white answers. Sorry! Other studies have shown that obedient dogs are less aggressive. But this is not necessarily a causal relationship. It could simply be that aggressive dogs are less likely to obey, irrespective of whether they are trained or not. 

Image by Simon Gatdula from Pixabay

Perhaps owners of aggressive dogs are simply more desperate for a solution and are therefore more likely to use aversive training methods, and it has nothing to do with the training method per se. However, one thing that is clear, is that:

Aversive training methods lead to poor welfare

So definitely stick to reward-based training methods. 

What is also interesting, is that owners of the most aggressive dogs do not use a consistent training method. It is possible that the inconsistency in training methods led to uncertainty or anxiety in the dogs, which in turn led to aggressive behaviour. But then again, it is also possible that this finding merely suggests that owners tried a variety of training methods to modify aggressive behaviour. 

In short, it is definitely a good idea to train your dog with reward-based methods, but it is not a guarantee that your dog won’t bite. 

Myth #3. My dog would never bite a child 

Image by HG-Fotografie from Pixabay

Let me save you some reading: any dog can bite when they are pushed to their limit.

Your dog is the cutest and you love him to bits, right? And you’re convinced he wouldn’t hurt a fly. But how can you be so sure? 

The problem is that children – and even adults – are really bad at reading dogs’ body language. Dogs usually tell you very clearly that they are not comfortable with a situation, see the canine ladder of aggression picture below on the left of the screen. Let’s say that a child is hugging your dog and your dog does not like this. Early on, she will give some subtle signs of discomfort, such as yawning, blinking and nose licking. Sometimes owners interpret these behaviours wrongly as the dog being tired. But no, this is a first warning sign that your dog is not happy with whatever is going on.

Source: Available via license: CC BY 4.0

If the hugging continues, or maybe gets more intense, then your dog will turn her body away. If that’s not helping she will walk away. Children do not understand what this means and they often end up following the dog for more hugs. We adults may think it is cute how much the child and dog are into each other. But the dog now feels more threatened and will start to give off clearer signs, such as creeping, having the ears back and standing crouched with the tail tucked under the body. In dog language this is screaming ‘I don’t like this, stop’. 

Image by pen_ash from Pixabay

But again, the child doesn’t get it and continues. If there is an adult around to watch this interaction and to stop the child, then there is no harm done. But if not, the dog feels she has no other option. The next step is growling and then eventually the snap, at some point the dog really needs the cuddling to STOP!

Learning how to read dog body language is crucial in preventing dog bites

Below is a really nice video showing how dogs tell us when they don’t like to be petted. If you want to know more about play-aggression, then check out this article here.

Myth #4. Only aggressive dog breeds bite people

So clearly any dog can bite when they are pushed to their limits (see myth #3). But it is certainly true that some dogs are quicker to snap than others. You probably think of Pit Bull Terriers as being the main perpetrators here. So you may be surprised to find out that cute little dogs such as Chihuahuas, Dachshunds and Jack Russell Terriers are the most likely breeds to show aggression towards people. 

Image by Beverly Lussier from Pixabay

 Larger breeds, such as Akita’s and Pit Bull Terriers are sometimes more aggressive towards other dogs. Because of their large size, these dogs can cause some serious damage. It may simply be that their owners are more likely to look for professional help for these reasons, which may explain why these breeds are known for being aggressive. 

Photo by nishizuka from Pexels

 Do “agressive dog breeds” deserve that label? The American temperament Test Society showed that 87.4% of Pit Bull Terriers passed their temperament test. So there appears to be very little reason for such labelling. Many animal welfare organizations, for example the Humane Society of America, oppose breed specific legislation because it has been shown that banning certain breeds is not an effective way to reduce dog bites.

Having said this, I’ll take my chances with an agressive Chihahua over an agressive Pit Bull any time, just because of their smaller size! 

Considering the possible damage that a dog can do in the event of an aggressive response (however unlikely) is a very important consideration when choosing a dog breed. Especially if you have young children, who at best of times are loud, unpredictable and very likely to pull or pinch a dog. All of these can be enough to push even the calmest dog (or parent) over the edge.

So what dog breeds are the least aggressive? Golden Retrievers, Labradors Retrievers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Brittany Spaniels, Greyhounds and Whippets were the least aggressive toward both humans and dogs. If you have a family with young children you’ll be safer considering one of these breeds.

Myth #5. How much quality time I spend with my dog does not effect its behaviour 

You’d be wrong to think that dogs don’t need to spend enough time with their owners to build a healthy relationship. One study showed that owners with a stronger attachment to their dogs experienced less problems with aggressive behaviours. On the other hand, dogs of owners that spent less time grooming, walking and exercising them were more likely to show aggression. 

Spending quality time with your dog may help to prevent aggressive behaviours

Image by Jennifer Regnier from Pixabay

So take your dog out for a walk, play a fun game and give lots of cuddles (respecting your dogs boundaries, of course, see myth #3)! Not that complicated, right? 

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